Tuesday, 15 December 2009
Casualty Opening Sequence Analysis
This opening title sequence starts with a clip of an ambulance darting through traffic, which shows straight the way that it is a drama about hospitals and is a medical drama. The vechile is moving quite quickly as well, so it shows that the drama is a fast paced, action packed one.
The sequence also goes on to show clips of various accidents, just as a person falling from some scaffolding, and then after each one it shows them being helped by an ambulance crew, which could connote a happy ending to each scenario. The whole thing is done with a blue coloured tint, which reflects the colour of an ambulance siren.
The soundtrack in the background of the sequence starts off as just an ambulance siren, but then it blends into music. However, the music faintly sounds like a siren still, and even a heart beat moniter like you can find in hospital, again showing it is a medical drama.
Thursday, 10 December 2009
TV Drama
- A piece of film that engages with the issues of the day in an accessible way.
Why do we watch TV dramas?
- Entertainment
- Actors
- Link to real life
- Enigmas
- Adaption of a book
- Fun to see other peoples "lives" unfold
- Something to talk about
- Passionate abou the characters
- Escapism
Why do we study TV dramas?
- Societys issues
- Learn about other regional identitys
- Links to work on stereotypes
- Tv drama is a reflection of society.
Analysis in exam-
- Mise en scene
- Camerawork
- Editing
- Sound
Micro- Technical analysis (small stuff)
Macro- Bigger area (eg. representation)
Key skill requirements-
- Characters
- Narrative
- Genre
Genres- Teen drama/ school/ fantasy/ soap/ black comedy/ sci-fi/ police etc.
TV dramas all have in common-
- Characters, "stock" characters eg. good guys and bad guys
- Stories, told againsst famailar backgrounds
- Camerawork
- Using dialogue to tell stories, eg. voiceovers
- Music used to punctuate action, creates effect etc
- Particular subgenres
Monday, 30 November 2009
Exhibition Marketing
E.g.- 3D
- Offers, Orange Wednesdays
- HD
- Big screen, surround sound
- Dark, no distractions
1) Why is digitial exhibtion important for the development of the UK film industry?
Because digital exhibition only costs one tenth of the current reels and prints format of film distribution, it would mean that film producers could spend more of their budget on sending their films to more and more territories than they can currently. This means more people will see the film, and especially for the smaller films, it means they will get more money back from ticket sales and various others things.
2) The UK film council want to make non-mainstream films accessible in 3 ways, what are they?
- Improving access, 240 digital screens showing non-mainstream films in the UK.
- Raising awareness, prints and advertising fund provides £4 million every year to help promote films.
- Increasing information, www.findanyfilm.com, can buy, rent or download loads of films.
3) Differences between mainstream and indepedant?
Mainstream films generally have bigger audiences than indepedant, because they spend a lot more on advertising and promoting their films, so they reach a bigger audience and more people go to see the film.
4)What new technologies are exhibitors currently having to take into account? Consider technologies used in the cinemas and technologies used at home.
They are having to consider things like the arrival of digital distribution, which means they can export their films in a faster cheaper way. Also, in peoples homes they are having to cater for things such the arrival of Blu-ray, and high definition TV's, which means that the format of the film has to change to match these technologies. Also, producers can re-release older classic films, like all the Disney films, which have been digitallly remastered, which means they can be sold all over again without creating any new film.
Thursday, 26 November 2009
Monday, 23 November 2009
New technologies to target more specific audiences
• CGI- "Toy Story" was the first fully CGI film to be released, and that was what most of the advertising was based around.
• High definition- People go to the ffort of seeing older films in newer technological formats, so that they see it looking better.
• Internet- Social networking, YouTube etc- "Micheal Jacksons This is It", was advertised as a rollovert on YouTube homepage for about a week.
• Video games- for the "Avatar" film, a game has come out on Playstation and Xbox.
• Email/ MSN- Orange wednesdays emails, lets you know about film releases and promotions.
• Interactive websites- Has trailers and various other things embedded onto the films website. E.g. "The 13th Day".
• Downloads- "The 13th Day", can download trailer for IPod, or various other
download options like wallpapers.
• Online shopping-
• Texts- lovefilms.com texts you abiut new films when they come out if your a member.
• Billboards-
• Digital distribution- see Downloads section.
• VHS -> DVD -> Blu-ray- Improving quality of Disney films by putting them onto a new format so that people will watch them again, and therefore buy them again in the new format.
• Podcasts/ blogs- Directors commentary for various films can be brought off ITunes website or store.
- Uses keywords on social profiles to send appropriate adverts.
- Promotional emails
- Links to Facebook pages
- Virtual tours on interactive websites. Then email the links
- Downloads trailers and films
- “Recommended for you” on shopping sites/ YouTube
- Orange Wednesdays texts
- Promotions on YouTube, film companies have own accounts on websites to advertise
- Able to write what we think on various sites e.g. Facebook
Saturday, 21 November 2009
Distribution
- Definition- logistics is the supplier of the cinemas, everything from getting from production into cinemas.
- Applys to DVD's, film reels etc.
- Film onto print, 35mm. Each cost £1000, then sold to distributors, then they rent them out to cinemas.
- Independants can only afford 10 prints, and sell one to each city.
- 3D or subtitles cost more.
- When prints are finished with, just get stored.
Prints and advertising
-Specialised films
- Smaller and more independant films, prints roughly 10.
- Shown in the UK for 6 months ish.
- Mainstream films
- Over 200 prints made.
- Sent to places like Vue and Odeon.
- Press materials, posters and trailers etc.
- Press release and interviews only with trusted press elements.
- Standard cinema posters in UK is 30x40 quad format.
- Posters most effective form of advertising.
- Advertising campaigns start with editorials, interviews and reviews in popular magazines
- Most advertising takes up 50% of a films budget.
- Large distributors have their own communication and PR so releases are properly addressed.
- Final method is the pre-release. Makes a "buzz" about a film.
- Previous uses teasers for viewers from the press.
Marketing
- Digital distribution- practice of providing content in a digital format.
- Advantages- Cheaper.
- Easier to send online, rather than transporting.
- Less budget on prints.
- More distribution.
- Being used in China and Brazil.
- Better for future of cinema.
Film Marketing
- Released on the day when not many other films come out.
- Avoids releasing at the same time as similar genre film.
- Getting harder as roughly 10 new films each week.
- Once release date is set, then plan the threatrical release.
Vertical Intergration
- Technique that international film companys use.
- A big film produced by (eg.) Working Title with mother company Universal. Don't need to sell to distributors.
- Basically, keeping it inhouse.
Wednesday, 18 November 2009
Choose one scene from American Beauty and analysis its effectiveness
The film fits into two main genres, the first being the romance genre, and the second that it fits into is the genre of mystery. The romance is in the relationships between Ricky and Jane, Lester and Angela, and Carolyn and Buddy King, who is a local and rival estate agent. Ironically, the one relationship that isn’t really in the film is between the married couples of Lester and Carolyn, and Ricky’s parents, Colonel Fitz and Barbara Fitz. On the other hand, the mystery side of the film is all about who is it that ends up killing Lester, and why they do the deed. The audience is told at the start of the film that Lester ends up dead by the end of the film, and the whole film builds up to the moment that he is killed.
The scene from the film that I have chosen to analysis is the scene where Lester is driving along at the wheel of his car, singing along to the radio, which is playing a song called “American Women”. This scene is shown about half way through the film, and is a significant scene in the film (see YouTube, type in “American beauty American woman” and click on top result).
The camera angle is looking at him through the windscreen of his car, from the passenger side of the bonnet. This is done like this because it shows that whilst Lester is singing, he is in his own little world in that car, and the windscreen represents the walls of his own little world. The lighting in the general for the scene is quite bright, and the reflection on the windscreen is of blue sky. This reflects Lester’s mood, showing how happy and lively he is feeling.
The music in this scene is “American Woman” by Lenny Kravitz. It’s a very upbeat song, and was chosen for the scene by the director because it matches the upbeat feel of the scene, and Lester’s mood. Furthermore, if you listen to the lyrics of the song, it says “I don't want to see your face no more, I got more important things to do, Than spend my time growin' old with you, Now woman, stay away, American woman, listen what I say”. These lyrics show what Lester is feeling towards his wife, Carolyn. He is basically saying that he’s found his new groove in life, and he doesn’t need her any more, and wants her to stay away from him. The American Woman in the lyrics therefore is Carolyn. The scene also shows Lester as being very cheerful, as shown by his singing. He appears to be very carefree at this point, and on top of his game. However, previous to this scene, he had been very down, almost depressed. This scene represents the turning point in the film of his emotions. He is driving along in a very fast and almost dangerous way, just like you would expect a teenager to be driving. Also he has the music on, and turned right up loud, which is also very teenage-like. This reflects on how he has been “born again”, and is living his life to the full, all over again. Furthermore, when he reaches the drive though of the fast food restaurant, when he can’t hear the intercom clearly, rather than asking politely for them to repeat themselves, Lester simply yells “what?!” into the speaker, which is also very much the sort of thing a teenager would do. Also he’s smoking what we know from earlier in the film to be drugs, which can also be linked back to him acting just like a teenager.
In the scene, Lester is clearly breaking free of the restrains of his life he was feeling before in the film. This can be linked the Levi-Strauss’s theory, being that Lester, the down trodden and disheartened one, has found a new breath of life, and is in conflicted with his very restricting and restraining wife Carolyn, a conflict of freedom and restriction. Also, the scene links into Torodov’s theory, of the problem/ solution/ consequence. The scene fits into the solution part of the theory, because his problem was that he was very down and depressed, and his solution to that problem was to find himself almost a new personality and act like a teenager.
American Beauty was primarily aimed at an audience based in America, hence the name. Nearly everything in the film is something that all Americans can relate to in their life, and the film is actually set in America. Furthermore, throughout the film there is a constantly reoccurring theme of red white and blue, which are the colours that make up the American flag. The characters also appeal to an American audience, for example Lester trades in his normal and boring car for a Pontiac Firebird, which is a famous American car, and is the dream car of many fellow Americans.
Overall, the scene I have analysed is a very effective scene, even though it’s a fairly short scene. Its whole purpose is to show the audience how much Lester has changed since the beginning of the film, and where his life is heading next, which turns out to be working in a fast food restaurant.
Monday, 16 November 2009
Friday, 13 November 2009
Types of Advertising
Viral Marketing
Synergy Marketing- two companys wokring together
- eg. Mcdonalds toys for Disney films
Product Placement- eg. James Bond using Aston Martins/ wearing Rolex watches
Comparing Advertising
This film opened with lots of synergy marketing deals, with companys such as The Body Shop, MSN.com, Virgin Megastore and Atlantic. The money that came from this totalled roughly at $10 million.
Virgin Ailines promoted the film with emails sent to its flying club members. Lifetime TV ran 30 second clips to promote as well. This synergy marketing as well.
The Boat That Rocked-
This film was first released with just some bright and colourful posters for advertising. They then released a trailer.
Something else they did was go on a website called spotify, and created some playlists based on the DJ's in the film.
James Bond-
In this film, an example of advertising in the form of product placement, this being the fact that james Bond uses Aston Martins in all the films, and has Rolex watches. In one of the more recent films, he drove the new Ford Mondeo, which boosted the sales for that car dramatically.
Also an example of synergy marketing is when they released The Quantum of Solace, the film makers teamed up with Avon (beauty treatment company), to promote a product for women based on the film.
Because James Bond is such a well known and established film series, and has a massive following, companys and sponsers are more desperate to get their products in the films, and will pay massive amounts of money to do so. That way, more people will see their products, and alongside James Bond it would receive quite a cool image. If they were to place their products in an unknown, brand new film, less people will know of it, and it won't have the same effect as putting the products alongside James Bond.
Thursday, 12 November 2009
Monday, 9 November 2009
Distribution and Marketing
Below the line- This means that you have to go looking for the advertising for the film. e.g viral marketing, clips on youtube or podcasts.
Film adverstising strategies:
2012- Marketers have created some fake websites and facebook pages based on the legend thats in the film, also there are reviews, adverts, film posters.
The Men Who Stares At Goats- T.V adverts, trailers, film posters, reviews.
Bunny And The Bull- Websites, hyperlinks, clips on youtube, reviews.
The average film spends about £34.4 million on advertising, although some have spent more than £100 million so that they get maximum exposure, and more people will watch the film.
"Four Weddings A Funeral" was promoted by Working Title through a technique called "Platforming". This means that the film was only opened in a couple of cimemas (New York and Los Angeles), and then they built the advertising on word-of-mouth so more and more people would hear about the film and watch it.
How does the budget of a film institution affect the production practices used to appeal to audiences?
In Shane Meadow's film This Is England, they found that they needed props to make the film appear like it was in the 1980's, but they couldn't afford to splash out on a brand new set, and all the other props required. So instead, they found an area in Nottingham that hadn't been updated since the 80's, and they just edited out the satilitte dishes, and brought a load of cars from the 80's and before off Ebay because it was the cheapest way possible.
When it came to shooting the scenes of the film, rather than going to great lengths to produce a script and then make the actors work to it, Shane Meadows would just create a basic script, and then spend amounts of time with all the actors, planning it out because it was cheaper that way. Even then though, when it came to shooting each scene, a lot of what went into the film was improvised acting.
At the end of the day, because the production team had such a limited amount of money to work with, they were restricted as to what they could do in their film. Because of this, they couldn't make their film appeal to a very wide audience, becausde they couldn't splash out on advertising and a big film premiere. This meant only a small amount of people saw the film, and only in small independant cinemas.
Tuesday, 3 November 2009
Friday, 30 October 2009
Low Budget Films- Shane Meadows
- Have to make do with what they find e.g. buy stuff off Ebay.
- Can't rent propps- to expensive.
- He doesn't do much script planning, does a lot of improvisation with the actors.
- Trys to work with the basics.
- Crew work around Actors, not the other way around like in big budget films.
- Tend to use actors that fit the parts required, rather than just going for big name film stars.
- Don't use special lighting, just use normal room/ outside lights, gives it more social realism.
Preliminary Film
The rom we used for our film was a study centre room upstairs in Auburn Place. We moved all of the tables and chairs that weren't required for our film out of the view of the camera, and then we found some items like folders and paper to put on the "evil boss" type's desk, which was the character Chris was. We then discussed how we would go about getting the camera shots we wanted in the space we had, and briefed Paul and Chris on how they performed their roles as best they could.
Before we shot each piece of the film, Catherine and I got Paul and Chris to do a couple of practice runs of each scene, so that we could make suggestions and say whether they were doing as we wanted. Then when we were happy with it, we would turn the camera on and film each scene, and most times we shot it more than once just to be sure we had the best choice of footage possible when it came to editing the finished product.
Once we'd finished filming and editing, we discovered that part of our film didnt quite flow properly, and to get it to work we needed to re-shoot most of the start all over again. However, Chris was away that day so we could only re-do the bits with Paul, and try and edit what we already had of Chris.
Overall, once we'd put together our film with the new bits we filmed, I think we did quite a good job with our film. Just about all but two of the shots followed and flowed from one to another, and all of the angles and editing was done really well. If there was one thing I could go back and change, I would have added one more shot to make part of the film flow better.
Working Title and Warp Films
Working Title and Warp Films
Institution and Audiences
AOs
Production Practices to appeal to audiences
Distribution and Marketing strategies to raise audience awareness
New technologies to help target specific audiences
Audience and how they challenge institutions
1. Who are Working Title- British film making company
Who are Warp Films- short film making company
Are they independent or part of a conglomerate?
They are a joint company, since 2008.
2. How does the ownership of the company affect the budgets for film?
Increases the budget
3. Create a list of films that both institutions have produced.
Warp films- My wrongs
-dead mans shoes
-rubber Johnny
-scummy man
Working title films-
-Billy Elliot
-the boat that rocked
-atonement
-dead man walking
4. Choose one from each list and compare the budgets for these films and how much they made.
Billy Elliot- $5,000,000
Dead mans shoes- £723,000
5. Now choose a Hollywood Blockbuster and research the budget.
The fast and the furious- $38 million budget
6. Where do Working Title and Warp Films get their funding from?
Grants, funding from other companies, and previous film profits.
7. In the case of Warp Films, how does the budget affect the genre they use?
If they don’t have much money, then they restricted as to what they can do, like lack of special effects etc.
8. What is the main appeal of this genre? Give examples.
Simple, good to watch
9. Who are the target audience for Working Title and Warp Films?
18+
10. What is the main genre of the films Working Title produce?
Drama
Monday, 26 October 2009
Friday, 16 October 2009
Preliminary Magazine
As far as I'm aware, the magazine does not break any of the conventions for a typical magazine. It has a masthead, a bar code, a price, 3 pictures and some cover lines, which you would find on almost any magazine.
The cover lines on the magazine should entice the target audience into reading the magazine because we deliberately choose to write the main one about a teacher that the majority of people would know, so therefore are more likely to read about than a teacher no ones heard about. Further more, the cover lines hint at whats in the article, to get the reader interested, but doesn't actually give anything way, so they feel compelled to read it and find out what it says.
The magazine I would say appeals to not regular or non-regular readers, but only to pupils at Lutterworth college, because its about their school. It is a magazine that can be read by anyone at the school, because it doesn't have anything on the front that someone who didn't read the previous issue would not understand.
If I had the time to go back and re-do this magazine cover, I would change a few things. Firstly, I would make space for a place to put the school logo, so that the blue and green colour theme makes more sense. Also I would recreate the masthead and strap line at the top, perhaps adding more colour or using a different font, because I think it looks too plain.
Saturday, 3 October 2009
Preliminary Planning
Preliminary Planning
Film-
Needs to include- Person opening a door
- Person crossing a room
- Person sitting down
- Lines of dialogue
- Variety of camera angles
- Well thought out mise en scene
It needs to be around 30 seconds long, and we can't use ourselves in the film. Have to go and find some other people who are having a free period that are willing to help.
Print- (School magazine)
Needs to include- Mid shot on the front
- Maximum of 3 pictures
- Usual magazine conventions
- A contents page produced on Publisher
Film Plan-
1st shot- Close up on door handle, slowly goes down (creak sound effect)
2nd shot- Side on of door opening, seemingly by itself (no hands visible, pushed from other side)
- Head of character 1 pokes around door, checks around (looks suspious)
- Dark room
3rd shot- Close up of hand on light switch, lights come on
- Zoom out on view of character 2
- "Come in, sit down"- character 2
4th shot- Pan following character 1 walking across the room to character 2
5th shot- Over the shoulder (of character 2) shot of character 1 sitting down
6th shot- Two shot (side on), with dialogue
- "I've been expecting you..."- character 2 (acts confident)
- "How do you know who I am?"- character 1 (suspicious)
- "Well..."- character 2 (leans forward, hands together)
- Fades out to black
Evaluation Of Practical 2
Monday, 28 September 2009
Evaluation of Practical
The scene was a typical T.V soap scene, because it was set in the upstairs of a pub, and pubs feature in nearly every soap. Also, the way the actors performed gave it quite an action packed first part of the episode. This is to make sure the viewer stays interested, and doesnt turn off the T.V.
Most of the types of camera shots used in the scene were mid shots, long shots and two shots, and there were two over-the-shoulder shots. This is because it made it so the viewers could see most of the characters bodies, and therefore we could see their body language, which meant we knew what they were supposed to be feeling or doing.
Our recreation of the scene was fairly accurate, although we had to make do with using a computer room, so we had limited space to work with, and struggled to make space for some of the longer shots. The script was as close as to being accurate as we could make it, and we tried to stick to it word-for-word.
Something I think went well was how we included everything we had to, as in script and camera shots. Also i think we improvised well when it came to setting out each scene, for example how we used a load of chairs for a bed for Jack, and using coats as bed sheets for Will.
On the other hand however, i don't think we did very well when it came to padding out each shot. The shots all had the very minimum in each, we didnt have any shot-type variety, which made it quite boring to watch back, even after we'd edited it to remove all the mistakes and faults.
In terms of Mise On Scene (everything you can see in a shot), I've learnt that its extremely important to carefully plan out objects in the background, as they really add on to the tone of the scene, and make it much more interesting to look at.
Lighting in our film wasn't used to great effect, in fact the only time it was used was when Catherine came in and switched on the light, which was used to show it was early in the morning.
I think our film showed that continuity is very important, because our shots didn't really flow well, and the changes from one shot to another weren't very smooth. If it had been done better, it would have been much better to watch.
Next time I come to do some filming, I'll think more about how each shot leads onto another, and how i can include more shots (eg. close ups) to pad out my film and make it more interesting to watch. Furthermore, when it comes to editing, I think my first attempt was quite good, but i need to better select my shot transiton effects for best effect.